Encrypted DNS With - DNSCrypt

A protocol for securing communications between a client and a DNS resolver.

Disclaimer

dnscrypt-proxy verifies that responses you get from a DNS provider have been actually sent by that provider, and haven't been tampered with.

This is not a VPN. It doesn't mask your IP address, and if you are using it with a public DNS service, be aware that it will (and has to) decrypt your queries.

If you are using it for privacy, it might do the opposite of what you are trying to achieve. If you are using it to prevent VPN "leaks", this isn't the right tool either: the proper way to prevent VPN "leaks" is to avoid sending data to yet another third party: use a VPN service that operates its own DNS resolvers.

Description

dnscrypt-proxy provides local service which can be used directly as your local resolver or as a DNS forwarder, authenticating requests using the DNSCrypt protocol and passing them to an upstream server.

The DNSCrypt protocol uses high-speed high-security elliptic-curve cryptography and is very similar to DNSCurve, but focuses on securing communications between a client and its first-level resolver.

While not providing end-to-end security, it protects the local network, which is often the weakest point of the chain, against man-in-the-middle attacks.

dnscrypt-proxy is only a client-implementation of the protocol. It requires a DNSCrypt server on the other end.

Download and integrity check

dnscrypt-proxy can be downloaded here: dnscrypt-proxy download

Note: dnscrypt.org is now blocked by the Great Firewall of China. But the source code can also be downloaded on Github, in the "releases" section.

After having downloaded a file, compute its SHA256 digest. For example:

$ openssl dgst -sha256 dnscrypt-proxy-1.6.1.tar.bz2

Verify this digest against the expected one, that can be retrieved using a simple DNS query:

$ drill -aD TXT dnscrypt-proxy-1.6.1.tar.bz2.download.dnscrypt.org

or

$ dig +dnssec TXT dnscrypt-proxy-1.6.1.tar.bz2.download.dnscrypt.org

If the content of the TXT record doesn't match the SHA256 digest you computed, please file a bug report on Github as soon as possible and don't go any further.

Signatures can also be verified with the Minisign tool:

$ minisign -VP RWQf6LRCGA9i53mlYecO4IzT51TGPpvWucNSCh1CBM0QTaLn73Y7GFO3 -m dnscrypt-proxy-1.6.1.tar.bz2

Installation

The daemon is known to work on recent versions of OSX, OpenBSD, Bitrig, NetBSD, Dragonfly BSD, FreeBSD, Linux, iOS (requires a jailbroken device), Android (requires a rooted device), and Windows (requires MingW).

Install libsodium. On Linux, don't forget to run ldconfig if you installed it from source.

A "minimal" build of libsodium (--enable-minimal) works equally well as a full build with this proxy.

On Fedora, RHEL and CentOS, you may need to add /usr/local/lib to the paths the dynamic linker is going to look at. Before issuing ldconfig, type:

# echo /usr/local/lib > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/usr_local_lib.conf

Now, download the latest dnscrypt-proxy version and extract it:

$ bunzip2 -cd dnscrypt-proxy-*.tar.bz2 | tar xvf -
$ cd dnscrypt-proxy-*

Compile and install it using the standard procedure:

$ ./configure && make -j2
# make install

Replace -j2 with whatever number of CPU cores you want to use for the compilation process.

The proxy will be installed as /usr/local/sbin/dnscrypt-proxy by default.

Command-line switches are documented in the dnscrypt-proxy(8) man page.

GUIs for dnscrypt-proxy

If you need a simple graphical user interface in order to start/stop the proxy and change your DNS settings, check out the following project:

ºSimple DNSCrypt: an all-in-one, standalone client - using DNSCrypt on Windows has never been so simple.

ºDNSCrypt WinClient: Easily enable/disable DNSCrypt on multiple adapters. Supports different ports and protocols, IPv6, parental controls and the proxy can act as a gateway service. Windows only, written in .NET.

ºDNSCrypt Windows Service Manager: Assists in setting up DNSCrypt as a service, configure it and change network adapter DNS settings to use DNSCrypt. It includes the option to use TCP/UDP protocol, IPV4/IPV6 connectivity, choice of network adapter to configure, as well as configurations for currently available DNSCrypt providers.

ºDNSCrypt OSXClient: Mac OSX application to control the DNSCrypt Proxy.

ºDNSCrypt Tools for Linux: A set of tools for dnscrypt-proxy. Features a start and stop button as well as options to enable or disable from startup. Developed for Porteus Linux.

DNSCrypt-enabled resolvers

To get started, you can use any of the public DNS resolvers supporting DNSCrypt.

This file is constantly updated, and its minisign signature can be verified with the following command:

minisign -VP RWQf6LRCGA9i53mlYecO4IzT51TGPpvWucNSCh1CBM0QTaLn73Y7GFO3 -m dnscrypt-resolvers.csv

If you want to add DNSCrypt support to your own public or private resolver, check out DNSCrypt-Wrapper and dnsdist. These are server-side proxies that work with any name resolver.

A DNSCrypt server Docker image is also available to deploy a non-logging, DNSSEC and DNSCrypt-capable resolver without having to manually compile or configure anything.

Usage

Having a dedicated system user, with no privileges and with an empty home directory, is highly recommended. For extra security, DNSCrypt will chroot() to this user's home directory and drop root privileges for this user's uid as soon as possible.

The easiest way to start the daemon is:

# dnscrypt-proxy --daemonize --resolver-name=<resolver name>

Replace <resolver name> with the name of the resolver you want to use (the first column in the list of public resolvers).

The proxy will accept incoming requests on 127.0.0.1, tag them with an authentication code, forward them to the resolver, and validate each answer before passing it to the client.

Given such a setup, in order to actually start using DNSCrypt, you need to update your /etc/resolv.conf file and replace your current set of resolvers with:

nameserver 127.0.0.1

Other common command-line switches include:

º--daemonize in order to run the server as a background process.
º--local-address=<ip>[:port] in order to locally bind a different IP address than 127.0.0.1
º--logfile=<file> in order to write log data to a dedicated file. By default, logs are sent to stdout if the server is running in foreground, and to syslog if it is running in background.
º--loglevel=<level> if you need less verbosity in log files.
º--max-active-requests=<count> to set the maximum number of active requests. The default value is 250.
º--pidfile=<file> in order to store the PID number to a file.
º--user=<user name> in order to chroot()/drop privileges.
º--resolvers-list=<file>: to specity the path to the CSV file containing the list of available resolvers, and the parameters to use them.
º--test in order to check that the server-side proxy is properly configured and that a valid certificate can be used. This is useful for monitoring your own dnscrypt proxy. See the man page for more information.

The --resolver-address=<ip>[:port], --provider-name=<certificate provider FQDN> and --provider-key=<provider public key> switches can be specified in order to use a DNSCrypt-enabled recursive DNS service not listed in the configuration file.

Running dnscrypt-proxy using systemd

On a system using systemd, and when compiled with --with-systemd, the proxy can take advantage of systemd's socket activation instead of creating the sockets itself. The proxy will also notify systemd on successful startup.

Two sockets need to be configured: a UDP socket (ListenStream) and a TCP socket (ListenDatagram) sharing the same port.

The source distribution includes the dnscrypt-proxy.socket and dnscrypt-proxy.service files that can be used as a starting point.

Installation as a service (Windows only)

The proxy can be installed as a Windows service.

See README-WINDOWS.markdown for more information on DNSCrypt on Windows.

Using DNSCrypt in combination with a DNS cache

The DNSCrypt proxy is not a DNS cache. This means that incoming queries will not be cached and every single query will require a round-trip to the upstream resolver.

For optimal performance, the recommended way of running DNSCrypt is to run it as a forwarder for a local DNS cache, such as unbound or powerdns-recursor.

Both can safely run on the same machine as long as they are listening to different IP addresses (preferred) or different ports.

If your DNS cache is unbound, all you need is to edit the unbound.conf file and add the following lines at the end of the server section:

do-not-query-localhost: no

forward-zone:
  name: "."
  forward-addr: 127.0.0.1@40


The first line is not required if you are using different IP addresses instead of different ports.

Then start dnscrypt-proxy, telling it to use a specific port (40, in this example):

# dnscrypt-proxy --local-address=127.0.0.1:40 --daemonize

IPv6 support

IPv6 is fully supported. IPv6 addresses with a port number should be specified as [ip]:port.

# dnscrypt-proxy --local-address='[::1]:40' ...

Queries using nonstandard ports / over TCP

Some routers and firewalls can block outgoing DNS queries or transparently redirect them to their own resolver. This especially happens on public Wifi hotspots, such as coffee shops.

As a workaround, the port number can be changed using the --resolver-port=<port> option.

By default, dnscrypt-proxy sends outgoing queries to UDP port 443.

In addition, the DNSCrypt proxy can force outgoing queries to be sent over TCP. For example, TCP port 443, which is commonly used for communication over HTTPS, may not be filtered.

The --tcp-only command-line switch forces this behavior. When an incoming query is received, the daemon immediately replies with a "response truncated" message, forcing the client to retry over TCP. The daemon then authenticates the query and forwards it over TCP to the resolver.

--tcp-only is slower than UDP because multiple queries over a single TCP connections aren't supported yet, and this workaround should never be used except when bypassing a filter is actually required.

Public-key client authentication

By default, dnscrypt-proxy generates non-deterministic client keys every time it starts, or for every query (when the ephemeral keys feature is turned on).

However, commercial DNS services may want to use DNSCrypt to authenticate the sender of a query using public-key cryptography, i.e. know what customer sent a query without altering the DNS query itself, and without using shared secrets.

Resolvers that should be accessible from any IP address, but that are supposed to be used only by specific users, can also take advantage of DNSCrypt to only respond to queries sent using a given list of public keys.

In order to do so, dnscrypt-proxy 1.6.0 introduced the --client-key (or -K) switch. This loads a secret client key from a file instead of generating random keys:

# dnscrypt-proxy --client-key=/private/client-secret.key

This file has to remain private, and its content doesn't have to be known by the DNS service provider.

Versions 1 and 2 of the DNSCrypt protocol use Curve25519 keys, and the format of this file for Curve25519 keys is a hexadecimal string, with optional :, [space] and - delimiters, decoding to 34 bytes:

01 01 || 32-byte Curve25519 secret key

Server-side, a short TTL for certificates is recommended when using this system.

EDNS payload size

DNS packets sent over UDP have been historically limited to 512 bytes, which is usually fine for queries, but sometimes a bit short for replies.

Most modern authoritative servers, resolvers and stub resolvers support the Extension Mechanism for DNS (EDNS) that, among other things, allows a client to specify how large a reply over UDP can be.

Unfortunately, this feature is disabled by default on a lot of operating systems. It has to be explicitly enabled, for example by adding options edns0 to the /etc/resolv.conf file on most Unix-like operating systems.

dnscrypt-proxy can transparently rewrite outgoing packets before authenticating them, in order to add the EDNS0 mechanism. By default, a conservative payload size of 1252 bytes is advertised.

This size can be made larger by starting the proxy with the --edns-payload-size=<bytes> command-line switch. Values up to 4096 are usually safe, but some routers/firewall/NAT boxes block IP fragments.

If you can resolve test-tcp.dnscrypt.org, increasing the maximum payload size is probably fine. If you can't, or just to stay on the safe side, do not tweak this; stick to the default value.

A value below or equal to 512 will disable this mechanism, unless a client sends a packet with an OPT section providing a payload size.

The hostip utility

The DNSCrypt proxy ships with a simple tool named hostip that resolves a name to IPv4 or IPv6 addresses.

This tool can be useful for starting some services before dnscrypt-proxy.

Queries made by hostip are not authenticated.

Plugins

dnscrypt-proxy can be extended with plugins. A plugin acts as a filter that can locally inspect and modify queries and responses.

The plugin API is documented in the README-PLUGINS.markdown file.

Any number of plugins can be combined (chained) by repeating the --plugin command-line switch.

The default distribution ships with some example plugins:

ºlibdcplugin_example_ldns_aaaa_blocking: Directly return an empty response to AAAA queries

Example usage:

# dnscrypt-proxy ... \
--plugin libdcplugin_example_ldns_aaaa_blocking.la

If IPv6 connectivity is not available on your network, this plugin avoids waiting for responses about IPv6 addresses from upstream resolvers. This can improve your web browsing experience.

ºlibdcplugin_example_ldns_blocking: Block specific domains and IP addresses.
This plugin returns a REFUSED response if the query name is in a list of blacklisted names, or if at least one of the returned IP addresses happens to be in a list of blacklisted IPs.

Recognized switches are:

--domains=<file>
--ips=<file>

A file should list one entry per line.

IPv4 and IPv6 addresses are supported.

For names, leading and trailing wildcards (*) are also supported (e.g. *xxx*, *.example.com, ads.*)

# dnscrypt-proxy ... \
--plugin libdcplugin_example,--ips=/etc/blk-ips,--domains=/etc/blk-names

ºlibdcplugin_example-logging: Log client queries

This plugin logs the client queries to the standard output (default) or to a file.

# dnscrypt-proxy ... \
--plugin libdcplugin_example_logging,/var/log/dns.log

ºExtra plugins

Additional plugins can be found on Github:

ºMasquerade plugin
ºGeoIP plugin.

Download DNSCrypt

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Directory with various materials for studies hacking

Obs, I am not responsible by your act with hacking materials, the materials is responsibility the student 

Directory with various materials for studies hacking, reverse engineering, malware, PenTest tools etc.

By OffensiveSec

Access Ebooks

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Most Secure Peer-to-Peer Encrypted Messenger that Sends No Metadata - Ricochet

There are several encrypted messaging apps for mobile and desktop platforms that shipped with "The Most Secure" tagline but ends up in de-anonymizing the real identity of its users in some or the other way.

In fact, very few encrypted messaging apps available today deal with the core problem of Metadata. 

The majority of apps offer end-to-end encryption that kept the content of your messages away from prying eyes, but your metadata will still be accessible to them, which is enough to know who you really are, and who you're talking to.

But, one messenger app stands out of the crowd by providing superb anonymity to its users, and it is dubbed as "Ricochet."

Ricochet is a peer-to-peer instant messaging system available for Windows, Mac, and Linux and you can trust it as the app has already cleared its first professional security audit carried out by cyber security company NCC Group.

What's so Promising about Ricochet?

Unlike other encrypted messaging clients, Ricochet makes use of TOR hidden services in an effort to maintain its users’ anonymity.

With the help of hidden services, a user's traffic never leaves The Onion Router (TOR) network, which makes it much harder for prying eyes or any attacker to see where the traffic is going or coming from.

Peer-to-Peer Connection: No Servers! No Operators!

Ricochet does not trust anyone in maintaining the privacy of its users; thus, the developers have implemented their app with no server or operator support that could be compromised exposing your personal details.

"The concept with Ricochet is: how can we do messaging without any server in the middle—without trusting anything to forward your messages to your contacts" John Brooks (Ricochet program's maintainer) stated.

"That turns out to be exactly one of the problems that hidden services can solve: to contact someone, without anybody in the middle knowing who you are or who you're contacting."

Here's How Ricochet Works

Ricochet supports cross-platform and is very easy to use even for non-technical users.

Your Username: A Unique .Onion Address

Every Ricochet client hosts a Tor hidden service, and once you sign up for Ricochet, that is actually your Ricochet ID: a unique .onion address.

Only the one with this .onion address can contact you and send messages, which means the contacts connect to you through Tor and not through any intermediate server, making it extremely harder for anyone to know your real identity from your address.

Ricochet Creates Huge Spike in Hidden Addresses

Security researcher Alan Woodward has noticed an unprecedented spike in the number of unique .onion hidden addresses on the Tor network in month of February.

The Statistics shared by the Tor project shows that the number of unique .onion sites has increased by more than 25,000 within 2-3 days.

Researcher believed that this sudden rise could be due to the popularity of Ricochet that creates unique .onion address for every registered user.

Your Messages: End-to-End Encrypted By Default

Besides this, Ricochet also encrypts the contents of your messages by default.

So, to start chatting with someone over Ricochet, you should first know his/her unique Ricochet ID that is being auto-generated at the time of the Ricochet Installation.

Moreover, once the connection is terminated by either the sender or the receiver, the remaining one would not be able to communicate or send messages to the other.

Ricochet Takes Your Security Seriously

The audit by NCC Group discovered a security flaw that could be exploited to deanonymize users, but the good news is that the issue has been resolved in the latest release, Ricochet 1.1.2.

The security vulnerability was independently discovered by a member of the Ricochet community.

Ricochet has been around since 2014 and is now far secured than any other existing encrypted messaging apps. But the app is still in the dogfooding stage, as Brooks referred to the "Be Careful" statement on the project's official website:

"Ricochet is an experiment. Security and anonymity are difficult topics, and you should carefully evaluate your risks and exposure with any software."

Download Ricochet

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Anonymous Twitter - AnonTwi

AnonTwi is a free software python client designed to navigate anonymously on social networks. It supports Identi.ca and Twitter.com. It can leverages proxying, randomization of header values, send fake geolocation data, and more.





Anonymous Twitter

AnonTwi supports:

ºAES + HMAC-SHA1 encryption on Tweets and Direct Messages –> [More Info]
ºSecure Sockets Layer (SSL) to interact with API Anonymous Twitter: AnonTwi
ºProxy Socks (for example, to connect to the TOR network)
ºRandom HTTP header values
ºSend long messages splitted automatically
ºAutomatic decryption of tweet’s urls or raw inputs
ºBackup messages to your disk (max: 3200)
ºSend fake geolocation places
ºRemove data and close account (suicide)
ºView global Trending Topics
ºUTF-8 + Unicode support (chinese, arabic, symbols, etc)
ºMultiplatform: GNU/Linux, MacOS, Win32
ºDetailed colourful output results
ºGenerate tools and modules
ºGTK + WebGUI interfaces
ºAn IRC bot slave

Download AnonTwi

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100+ Free Hacking Tools To Become - Powerful Hacker

Wondering which software is used for hacking? What is the best software for hacking password? We have created a list of useful hacking tools and software that will help you do you job much easier.

Ethical hacking and online security involves a lot efforts. Many tools are used to test and keep software secure. The same tools can also be used by hackers for exploitation. Becoming a hacker is not easy it requires many skills. You can learn a few hacking tricks from free hacking tutorials online, some really cool hacking books and books on information security . However, Along with all the skills you need to have best tools to perform hacking, security threat analysis and penetration testing.

A hacking tool is a computer program or software which helps a hacker to hack a computer system or a computer program. The existences of hacking tools have made the lives of the hackers much simpler when compared to the times they did not exist. But it does not mean that if the Hacker is equipped with a good hacking tool, his entire job is smoothly done. The hacker still requires the skills of all the aspects of hacking equally well.

Password Cracker Software

A password cracker software, which is often referred to as a password recovery tool, can be used to crack or recover the password either by removing the original password, after bypassing the data encryption, or by outright discovery of the password. In the process of password cracking, a very common methodology used to crack the user password is to repeatedly make guesses for the probable password and perhaps finally hitting on the correct one. It cannot be denied that whenever we are referring to cyber security, passwords are the most vulnerable security links. On the other hand if the password is too completed, the user might forget it. Password Cracker software are often used by the hackers to crack the password and access a system to manipulate it. Do not unethically use these software for hacking passwords.

In the next section you would be getting familiar with some of the popular Password Cracker tools which are used by hackers for password cracking.

Ophcrack

It is a free password cracker software which is based on the effective implementation of the rainbow tables. It runs on a number of Operating Systems like Mac OS X, Unix/Linux and Windows Operating System. It is equipped with real-time graphs for analyzing the passwords and is an open source software. Ophcrack has the capability to crack both NTLM hashes as well as LM hashes.

Medusa

Medusa is one of the best online brute-force, speedy, parallel password crackers which is available on the Internet. It has been designed by the members of the website foofus.net. It is also widely used in Penetration testing to ensure that the vulnerability of the system can be exposed and appropriate security measures can be taken against hacking.

RainbowCrack

Rainbow Crack as the name suggests, is a cracker for hashes with the Rainbow Tables. It runs on multiple operating systems such as Linux, Windows Vista, Windows XP (Windows Operating Systems). It supports both Graphical User Interface as well as Command line Interface. It's software which is used for password cracking by generating rainbow tables, fuzzing all the parameters.

Wfuzz

Wfuzz is a flexible tool for brute forcing Internet based applications. It supports many features like Multithreading, Header brute forcing, Recursion when discovering directories, Cookies, Proxy Support, hiding results and encoding the URLs to name a few. Wfuzz is a useful tool for finding unlinked resources like scripts, directories and servlets as well.

Brutus

Brutus is one of the most flexible and free password crackers which operates remotely. It is popular also because of its high speed and operates under operating systems such as Windows 2000, Windows NT and Windows 9x. Currently it does not operate under the UNIX operating system. Brutus was initially designed to check network devices like routers for common as well as default passwords.

L0phtCrack

L0phtCrack which is now known as L0phtCrack6, is a tool which tests the strength of a password given, as well as to recover lost passwords on Microsoft Windows platform. Thus it is a tool for both password recovery as well as auditing the password. It uses techniques such as Rainbow tables, brute-force and dictionary to recover passwords.

Fgdump

Fgdump is a powerful cracking tool. In fact, it's much more powerful than pwdump6 as the latter has the tendency to hang whenever there is a presence of an antivirus. Fgdump has the capability to handle this problem of hanging by shutting down first. It later restarts the Antivirus software. It supports multi threading which is very relevant in the multitasking and multi-user environment.

THC Hydra

Every password security study has revealed that the biggest security weaknesses are the passwords. THC Hydra is a tool for cracking logins and it is flexible as it supports various protocols. It is very fast and at the same time, new modules can be easily added. Hydra can run on operating systems like Solaris 11, OSX, Windows and Linux.

John The Ripper

John the Ripper is a free software for password cracking which was originally designed for the Unix Operating System. At present, it can run on 15 Operating systems which includes 11 different versions of UNIX, Win32, DOS and BeOS. It has the capability to combine several password crackers into a single package which has made it one of the most popular cracking tools for hackers.

Aircrack

It is a network software suite used in 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks. It consists of tools such as a packet sniffer, detector and a WEP. This tool runs on both Windows and Linux Operating systems. It can work with any type of wireless network interface controller, provided the driver is supporting the raw monitoring mode.

Cain And Abel

Cain and Abel, often referred to as Cain, is a tool for recovering the password in the Windows platform. It has the capability to recover various kinds of passwords using techniques such as cracking the password hashes by using brute-forcing, dictionary attacks, cryptanalysis attacks and packet sniffing in the network.

IKECrack

The objective of this security tool is to locate the valid user identities in a Virtual Public Network along with the secret key combinations. Once this is accomplished, this information can be used easily by a hacker to have access to a VPN in an unauthorized manner

Wireless Hacking Tools

Wireless Hacking Tools are those hacking tools which are used to hack into a wireless network which is usually more susceptible to security threats. One must also ensure that the network is completely secured against hacking or other malwares. The list of wireless hacking tools which would be discussed now can be used to do a Penetration Testing for a Wireless Network. This is an intentional attack on a network to detect security vulnerabilities by accessing its data and functionality.

Aircrack-ng

It is a software suit specially designed for a wireless network and which operates under both the Windows and the Linux Operating System. Aircrack-ng consists of a packet sniffer, WPA cracker and analysis tool and a detector for the wireless Local Area Networks (802.11). The best part of this software suit is one need not install it to use it. It is a collection of files which can be easily used with a command prompt.

There have been many wireless hacking tools exposed in recent past. When a hacker hacks a wireless network, it is supposed to defeat the Wireless network’s security devices. The Wi-Fi networks i.e. the Wireless LANs are more exposed to the security threats from a hacker while compared to that of a wired network. While hackers are always more than ready to hack specially if there are weaknesses in a computer network, hacking is often a tedious and complicated procedure.

Kismet

Kismet is a wireless detector system which detects possible intrusion to an 802.11 layer2 wireless network, it is also a sniffer. There are certain plug-in supported by Kismet which enable sniffing media like DECT. . It also has the capacity to infer whether a non beaconing network is present or not via the data traffic in the network and a network is identified by this tool by collecting data packets passively, detecting hidden and standard named networks.

InSSIDer

InSSIDer is a network scanner which is used in a Wi-Fi network for the Windows Operating System as well as the Apple OS X. It has been developed by MetaGeek, LLC. It is used to collect information from both software and a wireless card and is useful in selecting the availability of the best wireless channel. It also shows those Wi-Fi network channels which overlap with each other.

KisMAC

It is a discovery tool for a wireless network for the Mac OS X operating system. It has many features which are similar to another wireless detector tool called Kismet. This tool is meant for expert network security personnel and is not very user friendly for the beginners

Firesheep

In order to log into a website, a user has submit details like his or her username and password. The server validates these data and sends back a “cookie”. The websites usually encrypts the password however does not encrypt other details which leaves the cookie exposed to hacking threats which are also known as HTTP session hijacking. Firesheep has a packet sniffer which can intercept the cookies which are encrypted from Social Media sites like Twitter and Facebook and comes with the Firefox web browser. Firesheep is available for both the Windows and Mac OS X operating system. It would also run on the Linux platform in the new future.

Airjack

It is a powerful tool for packet injection in an 802.11 wireless network and is very useful as it has the capability to send in forged de-authentication packets. This feature is usually used by a hacker to bring down a network.

KARMA

KARMA is an attack tool which takes the advantage of the probing techniques that is used by used by a client of a WLAN. The station searches for a Wireless LAN in the list of preferred network and it is then that it makes the SSID open for an attacker who is listening. The disclosed SSID is used by KARMA for impersonation of a valid WLAN and attracts the station to the listening attacker.

NetStumbler

NetStumbler is a hacking tool which is used in the Windows Operating system and comes with add ons which are used to hack a wireless network. It has the capability to convert a WIFI enabled laptop on Windows OS into a network detector in an 802.11 WLAN.

WepLab

The WebLab is a tool which teaches about the weaknesses of a WEP, how a WEP works and how it is used to break a wireless network which is WEP protected. It has the features of a WEP Security Analyzer.

Best Network Scanning & Hacking Tools

Nmap

Nmap or Network Mapper is a free open source utility tool for network discovery and security auditing solution for you. It is a flexible, powerful, portable and easy-to-use tool that is supported by most of the operating systems like Linux, Windows, Solaris, Mac OS and others.

SuperScan

It is an multi-functional application that is designed for scanning TPC port. This is also a pinger and address resolver. It also has useful features like ping, traceroute, WhoIs and HTTP request. There is no need of installation as it is a portable application.

Angry IP Scanner

It is a fast port and IP address scanner. It is a lightweight and cross-platform application that has the capacity to scan the IP addresses in any range and also in their ports. It simply pings each IP address.

Packet Crafting To Exploit Firewall Weaknesses

Through Packet crafting technique, an attacker capitalizes your firewall’s vulnerabilities. Here are some packet crafting tools

Hping

Earlier Hping was used as a security tool. Now it is used as a command-line oriented TCP/IP packet analyzer or assembler. You can use this for Firewall testing, advance port scanning, network testing by using fragmentation, TOS and different other protocols.

Scapy

It is a powerful and interactive packet manipulation program. Scapy has the capability to decode or forge the packets of a large number of protocols at a time. One of the best feature is that it can confuse the process of decoding and interpreting.

Netcat

Netcat is a simple Unix utility program. This program has the capability to read and write data across network connections and it does so by using UDP or TPC protocol. It was created as a reliable back-end tool.

Yersinia

Not all the network protocols are powerful. In order to take advantage of the weakness of certain network protocols Yersinia is created. It is a full-proof framework that analyzes and tests the deployed networks and systems.

Nemesis

It is a command-line crafting and injecting utility tool used for network packets. This program works for both Unix and Windows operating systems. This is a well-suited tool for testing Network, Intrusion Detection System, IP Stacks, Firewalls and many others

Socat

This is again a command-line based utility tool. It has the capability to establish a two bidirectional byte streams through which it transfers data. In this tool streams can be constructed from a large set of different data sinks.

Traffic Monitoring for Network Related Hacking

These tools allow users to monitor the websites one’s children or employees are viewing. Here’s a list of some of these tools

Splunk

If you want to convert your data into powerful insights Splunk tools are the best options for you. The Splunk tools are the leading platforms for operational intelligence. It can collect any type of data from any machine in real time.

Nagios

Nagios is the name for the industry standard in monitoring IT infrastructure. The Nagios tools helps you monitor your entire IT infrastructure and have the capability to detect problems well ahead they occur. It can also detect security breaches and share data availability with stakeholders.

P0f

It is versatile passive tool that is used for OS fingerprinting. This passive tool works well in both Linux and Windows operating systems. It has the capability to detect the hooking up of the remote system whether it is Ethernet, DSL or OC3.

Ngrep

Ngrep or network grep is a pcap-aware tool that allows you to extend hexadecimal or regular expressions in order to match it against the data loads of the packet. It can recognize IPv4/6, UDP, TCP, Ethernet, SLIP, PPP, FDDI and many others.

Packet Sniffers To Analyze Traffic

These tools help capture and analyze incoming traffic on your website. Some of the popular ones are listed below

Wireshark

If you want to put a security system, Wireshark is the must have security tool. It monitors every single byte of the data that is transferred via the network system. If you are a network administrator or penetration tester this tool is a must have.

Tcpdump

Tcpdump is a command-line packet analyzer. After completing the designated task of packet capturing Tcpdump will throw the report that will contain numbers of captured packet and packets received by the filter. The user can use flags like –v, -r and –w to run this packet analyzer tool.

Ettercap

It is comprehensive suite in the middle of the attack. It has the feature of sniffing the live connections and content filtering along with many other interesting tricks. It offers three interfaces, traditional command line, GUI and Ncurses.

Dsniff

Dsniff is the collection of various tools that are used for penetration testing and network auditing. The tools like dsniff, msgsnarf, mailsnarf, webspy and urlsnarf passively monitor a network of interesting data like files, emails, passwords and many others.

EtherApe

EtherApe is graphical network monitor for UNIX model PCs after etherman. This interactive tool graphically displays network activity. It features link layer and TCP/IP modes. It supports Token Ring, FDDI, Ethernet, PPP, SLIP, ISDN and other WLAN devices.

Web Proxies: Proxies fundamentally assist in adding encapsulation to distributed systems. The client can request an item on your server by contacting a proxy server.

Paros

It is a Java-based HTTP/HTTPS proxy that helps in assessing the vulnerability of web applications. It supports both viewing and editing HTTP messages on-the-fly. It is supported by Unix and Windows systems. There are some other features as well like client certificate, spiders, proxy chaining and many others.

Fiddler

It is free web debugging proxy tool that can be used for any browser, platforms or systems. The key features of this tool include performance testing, HTTP/HTTPS traffic recording, web session manipulation and security testing.

Ratproxy

A passive and semi-automated application which is essentially a security audit tool. It can accurately detect and annotate problems in web 2.0 platforms.

Sslstrip

This tool is the one that demonstrate HTTPS stripping attack. It has the capability to hijack HTTP traffic on the network in a transparent manner. It watches the HTTPS link and then redirect and maps those links into homograph-similar or look-alike HTTP links.

​SSL/TLS Security Test By High-Tech Bridge

This free online service performs a detailed security analysis and configuration test of SSL/TLS implementation on any web server for compliance with NIST guidelines and PCI DSS requirements, as well as for various industry best-practices.

Rootkit Detectors To Hack File System

This is a directory and file integrity checker. It checks the veracity of files and notifies the user if there’s an issue.

AIDE (Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment)

It is a directory and file integrity checker that helps in creating a database using the regular expression rules that it finds from the config files. This tool also supports message digest algorithms and file attributes like File type, Permissions, Inode, Uid, Gid and others.

Firewalls: Firewalls monitor and control network traffic. A firewall is the quintessential security tool used by novices and tech experts alike. Here are a few of the best ones for hackers:

Netfilter

Netfilter offers softwares for the packet filtering framework that works within the Linux 2.4.x and later series of kernel. The softwares of Netfilter help in packet mangling including packet filtering along with network address and port translation.

PF: OpenBSD Packet Filter

It is an OpenBSD system that enables filtering of TCP/IP traffic and also performs Network Address Translation. It also helps in conditioning and normalizing of TCP/IP traffic along with packet prioritization and bandwidth control.

Fuzzers To Search Vulnerabilities

Fuzzing is a term used by hackers for searching a computer system’s security vulnerabilities. Here is a list of a few:

Skipfish

It's a reconnaissance web application security tool. Some of it's features are dictionary-based probes and recursive crawls. A website's sitemap is eventually annotated for security assessments.

Wfuzz

This tool is designed in such a way that it helps in brute-forcing web applications. Wfuzz can be used for finding resources but it does not play any role in finding the links like directories, servlets, scripts and others. It has multiple injection points and allows multi-threading.

Wapiti

Wapiti is a web application vulnerability scanner that allows you to audit the security of the web applications that you are using. The scanning process is “black-box” type and detects the vulnerabilities like file disclosure, data injection, XSS injection and many others.

W3af

It is a web application attack and audit framework that helps in auditing any threat that the web application experiences. This framework is built on Python and is easy-to-use and can be extended. It is licensed under GPLv2.0.

Forensics

These tools are used for computer forensics, especially to sniff out any trace of evidence existing in a particular computer system. Here are some of the most popular.

Sleuth Kit

It is an open source digital intervention or forensic tool kit. It runs on varied operating systems including Windows, Linux, OS X and many other Unix systems. It can be used for analyzing disk images along with in-depth analysis of file system like FAT, Ext3, HFS+, UFS and NTFS.

Helix

This is a Linux based incident response system. It is also used in system investigation and analysis along with data recovery and security auditing. The most recent version of this tool is based on Ubuntu that promises ease of use and stability.

Maltego

It is an open source forensic and intelligence application. It can be used for gathering information in all phases of security related work. It saves you time and money by performing the task on time in smarter way.

Encase

Encase is the fastest and most comprehensive network forensic solution available in the market. It is created following the global standard of forensic investigation software. It has the capability of quickly gathering data from wide variety of devices.

Debuggers To Hack Running Programs

These tools are utilized for reverse engineering binary files for writing exploits and analyzing malware.

GDB

GDB is a GNU Project debugger. The unique feature of this debugger enables the user to see what is happening inside one program while it is being executed or check a program at the moment of crash.

Immunity Debugger

It's a powerful debugger for analyzing malware. It's unique features include an advanced user interface with heap analysis tool and function graphing.

Other Hacking Tools: Besides the aforementioned tools, there are myriad of hacking tools used by hackers. They don’t belong to a particular category, but are very popular among hackers nonetheless:

Netcat

It is a featured network utility tool. It has the capability to read and write data across all network connections that uses TCP/IP protocol. It is a reliable back-end tool that can be easily and directly driven by other scripts and programs.

Traceroute

It is a tracert or IP tracking tool that displays the path of internet packets through which it traversed to reach the specific destination. It identifies the IP address of each hop along the way it reaches the destination.

Ping.eu

It is the tracing tool that helps the user to know the time that the data packets took to reach the host. This is an online application where you just need to place the host name or IP address and fetch the result.

Dig

It is a complete searching and indexing system that is used for a domain or internet. It works in both Linux and Windows system. It however does not replace the internet-wide search systems like Google, Infoseek, AltaVista and Lycos.

CURL

It is a free and open source software command-line tool that transfers data with URL syntax. It supports HTTP/HTTPS, Gopher, FTPS, LDAP, POP3 and many others. It can run under a wide variety of operating systems. The recent stable version is v7.37.1.

Hacking Operating Systems

There are numerous professionals who aspire to have a career as ethical hackers. Hacking is not an easy task as it requires great insight about technology and programing. There are specific operating systems as well that are specially designed for the hackers to use. These operating systems have preloaded tools and technologies that hackers can utilize to hack. This article offers a detailed overview of various operating systems that are built keeping hacking in mind. All these operating systems are unique from each other and have proved to be a great resource for the hackers around the world.

Backtrack 5r3

This operating system is built keeping the most savvy security personnel in mind as audience. This is also a useful tool even for the early newcomers in the information security field. It offers quick and easy way to find and also update the largest database available for the security tools collection till date.

Kali Linux

This is a creation of the makers of BackTrack. This is regarded as the most versatile and advanced penetration testing distribution ever created. The documentation of the software is built in an easy format to make it the most user friendly. It is one of the must-have tools for ethical hackers that is making a buzz in the market.

SELinux

Security Enhanced Linux or SELinux is an upstream repository that is used for various userland tools and libraries. There are various capabilities like policy compilation, policy management and policy development which are incorporated in this utility tool along with SELinux services and utilities. The user can get the software as a tested release or from the development repository.

Knoppix

The website of Knoppix offers a free open source live Linux CD. The CD and DVD that is available contain the latest and recent updated Linux software along with desktop environments. This is one of the best tools for the beginners and includes programs like OpenOffice.org, Mozilla, Konqueror, Apache, MySQL and PHP.

BackBox Linux

It is a Linux distribution that is based on Ubuntu. If you want to perform security assessment and penetration tests, this software is the one that you should have in your repository. It proactively protects the IT infrastructure. It has the capability to simplify the complexity of your IT infrastructure with ease as well.

Pentoo

It is security focused live CD that is created based on Gentoo. It has a large number of customized tools and kernels including a hardened kernel consisting of aufs patches. It can backport Wi-Fi stack from the latest kernel release that is stable as well. There are development tools in Pentoo that have Cuda/OPENCL cracking.

Matriux Krypton

If you are looking for a distro to be used in penetration testing and cyber forensic investigation, then Matriux Krypton is the name that you can trust. This is a Debian based GNU/Linux security distribution. It has more than 340 powerful tools for penetration testing and forensics; additionally, it contains custom kernel 3.9.4.

NodeZero

This is regarded as the specialist tool that is specifically designed for security auditing and penetration testing. It is a reliable, stable and powerful tool to be used for this purpose and is based on the current Ubuntu Linux distribution. It is a free and open source system that you can download from the website.

Blackbuntu

It is free and open source penetration testing distribution available over the internet. It is based on Ubuntu 10.10, which is designed specifically for the information security training students and professional. It is fast and stable yet a powerful tool that works perfectly for you. This software is a recommendation from most of the users.

Blackbuntu

It is free and open source penetration testing distribution available over the internet. It is based on Ubuntu 10.10, which is designed specifically for information security, training students and professionals. It is fast and stable, yet a powerful tool that works perfectly for you. This software is a recommendation from most of the users.

Samurai Web Testing Framework

It is a live Linux environment that is designed in such a way that it functions as a web-pen testing environment. The software CD contains tools and programs that are open source and free. The tool selection is based on the ones that the company themselves use for security of their IT infrastructure.

WEAKERTH4N

It's a great pentesting distro comprising of some innovative pentesting tools. The software uses Fluxbox and is built using Debian Squeeze. One of it's popular features is its ability to hack old Android based systems.

CAINE (Computer Aided Investigative Environment)

It is an Italian GNU/Linux live distribution list that was created as project of Digital Forensic. It offers a complete forensic environment. This environment is organized in such a way that it integrates the existing software tools and software module, and finally throws the result in the form of friendly graphical interface.

Bugtraq

It is one of the most stable and comprehensive distributions. It offers stable and optimal functionalities with stable manger in real-time. It is based upon 3.2 and 3.4 kernel Generic that is available in both 32 and 64 Bits. Bugtraq has a wide range of tools in various branches of the kernel. The features of the distribution vary as per your desktop environment

DEFT

DEFT is a distribution that is created for computer forensics. It can run in live stream on the system without corrupting the device. The system is based on GNU/Linux and the user can run this live using CD/DVD or USB pendrive. DEFT is now paired with DART, which is a forensic system.

Helix

There are various versions of Helix released by e-fense that are useful for both home and business use. The Helix3 Enterprise is a cyber-security solution offered by this organization that provides incident response. It throws live response and acquires volatile data. Helix3 Pro is the newest version in the block of Helix family products.

Encryption Tools

Times are changing and spying has become a common phenomenon everywhere. There have been increasing instances where even the governments have been found to be spying on their citizens from time to time. This is one of the prime reasons why the importance of Encryption has increased manifold. Encryption tools are very important because they keep the data safe by encrypting it so that even if someone accesses the data, they can’t get through the data unless they know how to decrypt the data. These tools use algorithm schemes to encode the data to prevent unauthorized access to the encrypted data.

Some of the popular Encryption Tools will be discussed in this article:-

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